Safeguarding Traditional Knowledge in India:

The Role of Digitization and Documentation

Abstract

Traditional Knowledge (TK) is an essential component of cultural heritage, embodying the collective wisdom, practices, and innovations of indigenous and local communities. Rooted in generational experience and closely tied to environmental and societal interactions, TK influences various domains, including agriculture, healthcare, and resource management. Despite its cultural and economic significance, TK has been increasingly vulnerable to misappropriation and biopiracy due to inadequate documentation and legal protection. This paper explores the role of digital documentation and preservation in safeguarding TK, with a particular focus on the Indian scenario. India has emerged as a global leader in digitizing TK through initiatives such as the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), aiming to protect indigenous knowledge from unauthorized commercial exploitation. The study examines the challenges of defining ‘prior art’ in the context of TK within the patent system, highlighting the need for legal frameworks that recognize and safeguard community-held knowledge. Furthermore, the paper discusses various digital library initiatives and policy frameworks that facilitate the integration of TK into sustainable development efforts. By leveraging digital technologies, India not only ensures the preservation of its rich traditional heritage but also reinforces equitable access and benefit-sharing mechanisms for indigenous communities. The findings underscore the urgency of integrating intellectual property rights, community engagement, and digital strategies to create a sustainable and inclusive system for TK documentation and protection.