The Economic and Technological Developments in Manipur during the Medieval and Colonial Periods

Abstract

This paper examines the techno-economic developments that occurred in Manipur during the medieval and colonial periods, mainly during the reign of King Khagemba (1597-1652 CE). The research is based on primary sources along with historical and scholarly works. The arrival of Pangals and Brahmans in the 17th century brought about significant political, economic, socio-religious, and cultural changes in the state. Their cordial relations with the local population led to a period of adjustment in terms of culture and society. The paper focuses on the relationship between the state and agronomy, exploring the economic development of Manipur. The initiation of wet rice cultivation, the construction of irrigation facilities, and the development of farming technology are deliberated. The paper also examines the role of Pangals in paper-making, pottery, weaving, and gun technology, and underlines the significant role of the Pangals and other migrants in the technological development particularly their contribution to horticulture and the state's economy.