Human-Nature Interface in Kokna Tribe

Abstract

Human interaction, in its varied aspects, with Nature has been significant in human evolution. It exhibits delicate, complementary, severe and destructive phases of interaction. The ways of interaction may differ among communities. Nonetheless, the intensity of benefit is more inclined towards humans. Every moment of human life in one way or the other interacts with the Nature for mutual benefits. When threatened, humans bring in the cultural practices that they think would help them get rid of natural threats, or at least minimize their impact. It is more evident with people living close to Nature. In situations of calamity and happiness both these people bring in practices of gratitude towards Nature. Presumably, such interactions help them develop wisdom to appropriate their cultural practices aligned with Nature.
Kokna tribe located on the border lines of Maharashtra and Gujrat has evolved for generation some cultural practices, in the form of festivals, which help them, build a long lived and strong interface with Nature. In Dongardev, the annual festival which celebrates the Hill God for protecting the clan from possible difficulties is celebrated with worship, dance, and sacrifices. Besides, the tribe celebrates Wagh dev (Tiger God), Nag Dev (Snake God), Kansari Mata (Crop Deity), etc. These are major ones worshiped as a positive omen. The tribe worships Khais, Ranava, Jugma, Jugmin, etc. which form the group of evil spirits. The tribe holds this belief that in binary opposition where good exists bad accompany it. Thus, the tribe worships both to stay protected.
This paper explores the intricate relationship between humans and the nature through cultural practices within the Kokna tribe of Maharashtra, India. Through ethnographic insights, and cultural interpretation, it examines how the Kokna people conceptualize divinity, (not God in its general sense of the term) engage in ritual practices, and express spiritual beliefs through oral traditions and festivals. The study highlights the role of mythology, nature worship, and community rituals in shaping the tribe’s spiritual worldview.